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Vafrnisml references Njrrs status as a hostage during the earlier sirVanir War, and that he will come back home among the wise Vanir at the doom of men. 24.

After these events, the world will resurface anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors.

Its first element, ragna, is unproblematic, being the genitive plural of regin (n.

The second element is more problematic, as it occurs in two variants, -rk and -rkkr.

Writing in the early 20th century, philologist Geir Zoga treats the two forms as two separate compounds, glossing ragnark as the doom or destruction of the gods and ragnarkkr as the twilight of the gods.

The noun rk(k)r means twilight (from the verb rkkva to grow dark), suggesting a translation twilight of the gods.

This reading was widely considered a result of folk etymology, or a learned reinterpretation of the original term due to the merger of: (spelled ) and in Old Icelandic after c.

In the poem, a vlva (a female seer) recites information to Odin.

Black become the suns beams in the summers that follow, weathers all treacherous.

The golden rooster Gullinkambi crows to the sir in Valhalla, and the third, unnamed soot-red rooster crows in the halls of the underworld location of Hel in stanza 43.

It is harsh in the world, whoredom rife an axe age, a sword age shields are riven a wind age, a wolf age before the world goes headlong.

The Midgard serpent Jrmungandr furiously writhes, causing waves to crash.

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The eagle shrieks, pale-beaked he tears the corpse, and the ship Naglfar breaks free thanks to the waves made by Jormungandr and sets sail from the east.

The dwarfs groan by their stone doors.

Surtr advances from the south, his sword brighter than the sun.

The serpent Jrmungandr opens its gaping maw, yawning widely in the air, and is met in combat by Thor.

Thor, also a son of Odin and described here as protector of the earth, furiously fights the serpent, defeating it, but Thor is only able to take nine steps afterward before collapsing.

After this, people flee their homes, and the sun becomes black while the earth sinks into the sea, the stars vanish, steam rises, and flames touch the heavens.

They discuss Jrmungandr, great events of the past, and the runic alphabet.

In stanza 61, in the grass, they find the golden game pieces that the gods are described as having once happily enjoyed playing games with long ago (attested earlier in the same poem).

The gods Hr and Baldr return from Hel and live happily together.

She sees a hall thatched with gold in Giml, where nobility will live and spend their lives pleasurably.

Stanzas 65, found in the Hauksbk version of the poem, refers to a powerful, mighty one that rules over everything and who will arrive from above at the court of the gods (Old Norse regindmr ), 20 which has been interpreted as a Christian addition to the poem.

The vlva then sinks down.

It is unclear if stanza 66 indicates that the vlva is referring to the present time or if this is an element of the post- Ragnark world.

In the poem, Odin, disguised as Gagnrr, faces off with the wise jtunn Vafrnir in a battle of wits.

Vafrnisml references Njrrs status as a hostage during the earlier sirVanir War, and that he will come back home among the wise Vanir at the doom of men.

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